Computes the kinship-adjusted squared correlation (rV^2) for a
pre-whitened genotype matrix \(X = V^{-1/2} \tilde{G}\).
The whitening step must be performed first via prepare_geno.
Mathematically identical to compute_r2 applied to \(X\)
because the whitening already removes kinship structure. The C++ kernel
is the same - the distinction is purely in the preparation step.